Urinary Signs

• Ketonuria, ketones in urine or milk
• Hematuria, blood in urine
• Red or brown urine, pink
• Proteinuria, protein in urine
• Hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria
• Increased frequency of urination, pollakiuria
• Pneumaturia, air passed with urine
• Glucosuria
• Dysuria, difficult urination, stranguria
• Urinary incontinence, dribbling urine
• Polyuria, increased urine output
• Oliguria or anuria, retention of urine
• Palpable calculi, swelling or mass, bladder
• Crepitus bladder
• Enlarged, distended, urinary bladder
• Prolapsed bladder
• Palpable enlarged kidney, renomegaly
• Palpable small kidney
• Enlarged ureter

Reproductive Signs

• Anestrus, absence of reproductive cycle, no visible estrus
• Abnormal length estrus cycle, long, short, irregular interestrus period
• Abnormal length of estrus period, heat
• Vulval ulcers, vesicles, erosions, tears, cuts, pustules, papules
• Mucous discharge, vulvar, vaginal
• Purulent discharge, vulvar, vaginal
• Foul smelling discharge, vulvar, vaginal
• Vaginal or cervical ulcers, vesicles, erosions, tears, papules, pustules
• Necrosis, vagina, vulva
• Prolapsed vagina, vaginal eversion
• Purulent or mucoid discharge, cervix or uterus
• Absence of uterus and/or ovaries
• Enlarged uterus
• Decreased size, small, uterus, cervix
• Fluid in uterus
• Adhesions, uterus, ovary, cervix
• Mummy, mummified fetus
• Prolapsed uterus, cervix
• Crepitus, uterus, vagina, cervix
• Enlarged firm ovary, ovaries
• Enlarged fluctuent ovary, ovaries
• Decreased in size, small ovary, ovaries
• Female infertility, repeat breeder
• Small litter size
• Dystocia
• Abortion or weak newborns, stillbirth
• Retained placenta, fetal membranes
• Prolonged gestation
• Edema of mammary gland, udder
• Teat injury, cut, tear
• Mastitis, abnormal milk
• Bloody milk, red, pink, brown milk
• Galactorrhea, inappropriate milk production
• Cold mammary gland, cool udder
• Warm mammary gland, hot, heat, udder
• Slough of mammary gland, udder
• Obstruction of milk outflow
• Firm mammary gland, hard udder
• Agalactia, decreased, absent milk production
• Decreased, dropping, egg production
• Male infertility
• Lack of libido or erection
• Hemospermia, blood, red semen
• Papule, pustule, vesicle, ulcer penis or prepuce
• Cut tear injury penis
• Cut tear injury, scrotum, testes
• Cut tear injury prepuce
• Purulent discharge, penis or prepuce
• Prolapsed prepuce
• Deviation of penis
• Phimosis
• Paraphimosis or priapism, inability to retract penis
• Abnormal size testes/scrotum
• Absence, retained, testis, testes
• Heat on palpation scrotum, testes
• Heat on palpation prepuce
• Heat on palpation penis
• Soft, thin egg shell
• Defective, misshapen, soft, rough, absent egg shell
• Flabby egg yolk, thin albumin
• Decreased hatchability of eggs

Skin/Integumentary Signs

• Absence of skin
• Skin hyperpigmentation, excess pigment
• Skin hypopigmentation, decreased pigment, vitiligo
• Purulent discharge skin
• Foul odor skin, smell
• Skin erythema, inflammation, redness
• Pruritus, itching skin
• Enlarged feather follicles in birds
• Skin papules
• Skin pustules
• Skin vesicles, bullae, blisters
• Skin plaque
• Skin wheal, welt
• Skin edema
• Subcutaneous crepitation, skin emphysema
• Skin fistula, sinus
• Skin laceration, cut, tear, bite
• Skin ulcer, erosion, excoriation
• Skin or muscle dimple, depression, indentation
• Dryness of skin or hair
• Oily skin, hair or feathers, greasy
• Skin scales, flakes, peeling
• Skin crusts, scabs
• Skin necrosis, sloughing, gangrene
• Scarred skin
• Warm skin, hot, heat
• Cold skin, cool ears, extremities
• Hyperkeratosis, thick skin
• Thin skin, atrophied
• Hypotonic, wrinkled skin
• Hyperextensible hyperelastic skin
• Moist skin, hair or feathers
• Cracked skin, fissure
• Splitting nail, claw, hoof, breaking, brittle, cracked
• Overgrown nail, claw, hoof
• Nail, claw, hoof, abscess, ulcer, under-run
• Nail, claw, hoof sloughing, separation
• Claw, hoof separation at white line
• Syndactyly
• Polydactyly, ectrodactyly
• Defective growth of nail, claw, hoof
• Heat, nail, claw, hoof, hot, warm
• Cool nail, claw, hoof, cold
• Alopecia, thinning, shedding, easily epilated, loss of, hair
• Loss of feathers, loose feathers
• Soiling of the feathers, vent feathers
• Ruffled, ruffling of the feathers
• Soiling of the vent in birds
• Broken, damaged feathers
• Matted or dirty hair
• Excessive hair pigment, general or focal
• Decreased hair pigment, general or focal, poliosis
• Hypertrichosis, too much hair or failure of shedding
• Rough hair coat, dull, standing on end
• Excessively straight hair
• Excessively curly hair
• Parasite visible, skin, hair, feathers

Respiratory Signs

• Nasal mucosal ulcers, vesicles, erosions, cuts, tears, papules, pustules
• Epistaxis, nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage, bleeding
• Purulent nasal discharge
• Mucoid nasal discharge, serous, watery
• Ingesta in nasal passage
• Abnormal breath odor, foul odor mouth
• Dullness on percussion sinus
• Dyspnea, difficult, open mouth breathing, grunt, gasping
• Increased respiratory rate, polypnea, tachypnea, hyperpnea
• Decreased respiratory rate
• Sneezing, sneeze
• Coughing, coughs
• Hemoptysis coughing up blood
• Abnormal breathing sounds of the upper airway, stridor, airflow obstruction, stertor, Snoring
• Abnormal lung or pleural sounds, rales, crackles, wheezes, friction rubs
• Decreased, muffled, lung sounds, absent respiratory sounds
• Change in voice, vocal strength
• Hoarse chirp in birds
• Enlarged lung on percussion of chest, thorax
• Dull areas on percussion of chest, thorax
• Ping on percussion of chest, thorax

Pain/Discomfort Signs

• Pain, head, face, jaw, ears
• Ocular pain, eye
• Mouth, oral mucosal or tongue pain
• Pain, neck, cervical, throat
• Pain, pharynx, larynx, trachea
• Back pain
• Pain, tail, anus, perineum
• Pain on external abdominal pressure
• Colic, abdominal pain
• Pain, umbilicus
• Pain, chest, thorax, ribs, sternum
• Pain, kidney, ureters, on palpation
• Pain, vulva, vagina
• Pain, cloacal area
• Pain mammary gland, udder
• Pain, penis
• Pain, scrotum
• Pain, testes
• Pain, prepuce
• Pain, seminal vesicles
• Pain, prostate
• Skin pain
• Pelvic or hip pain
• Forelimb pain, front leg
• Forefoot pain, front foot
• Hindlimb pain, hind leg
• Hindfoot pain, rear foot
• Pain of the limbs, legs, foot, feet in birds

Nervous Signs

• Tremor
• Coma, stupor
• Disoriented, memory loss
• Head tilt
• Circling
• Head pressing
• Propulsion, aimless wandering
• Constant or increased vocalization
• Hyperesthesia, irritable, hyperactive
• Abnormal behavior, aggression, changing habits
• Dullness, depression, lethargy, depressed, lethargic, listless
• Excitement, delirium, mania
• Seizures or syncope, convulsions, fits, collapse
• Tetany
• Head shaking,headshaking
• Excessive or decreased sleeping
• Head, face, neck, tongue hypoesthesia, anesthesia
• Thoracic or abdominal hypoesthesia, anesthesia chest, ribs, abdomen
• Back hypoesthesia, anesthesia
• Tail, anal hypoesthesia, anesthesia perineum, anus
• Forelimb hypoesthesia, anesthesia front leg
• Hindlimb hypoesthesia, anesthesia rear leg
• Muscle hypotonia
• Hypertonia of muscles, myotonia
• Abnormal hindlimb reflexes, increased or decreased
• Abnormal forelimb reflexes, increased or decreased
• Abnormal anal, perineal, tail reflexes, increased or decreased
• Abnormal panniculus reflex, increased or decreased

Musculoskeletal Signs

• Contracture, curvature, wings
• Contracture hind limb, leg
• Hindlimb spasms, myoclonus
• Contracture of limbs, legs, foot, feet in birds
• Spasms of the limbs, legs, foot, feet in birds
• Laxity or luxation of a hindlimb joint, rear leg
• Hindlimb or pelvic crepitation, crepitus rear leg, pelvis
• Laxity or luxation of limbs, legs, foot, feet in birds
• Bone exposure hind limb
• Luxation, abnormal mobility non-joint area hind limb
• Contracture of the toes of birds, curly toe
• Decreased mobility of hindlimb joint, arthrogryposis rear leg
• Contracture fore limb, leg
• Forelimb spasms, myoclonus
• Bone exposure, limbs, legs, foot, feet in birds
• Bone exposure, wings
• Laxity or luxation of a forelimb joint, front leg
• Forelimb crepitation, crepitus front leg
• Bone exposure forelimb
• Luxation, abnormal mobility non-joint area forelimb
• Ankylosis, arthrogryposis decreased joint mobility in birds
• Decreased mobility of forelimb joint, arthrogryposis front leg
• Deviation, curvature, head, face
• Head, face, neck spasms, myoclonus
• Laxity or luxation of a head or neck joint
• Head or neck crepitation, crepitus
• Decreased, absent mobility joint, head face neck
• Bone exposure, head face region
• Back spasms, myoclonus
• Back or thoracic crepitation, crepitus chest, ribs
• Malformation of sternum, chest, thorax
• Bone exposure, back, thorax, chest, ribs
• Decreased, absent mobility, back region or joints
• Abnormal hindlimb curvature, angulation, deviation
• Relative shortening hind limb
• Relative shortening of the limbs, legs, of birds
• Abnormal curvature, angulation, deviation of legs, limbs, feet of birds
  Abnormal forelimb curvature, angulation, deviation
  Relative shortening forelimb

General Signs

• Trembling, shivering, fasciculations, chilling
• Discomfort, restlessness in birds
• Fever, pyrexia, hyperthermia
• Hypothermia, low temperature
• Exercise intolerance, tires easily
• Dehydration
• Sweating excessively, hyperhidrosis
• Polydipsia, excessive fluid consumption, excessive thirst
• Decreased, absent thirst, hypodipsia, adipsia
• Decreased sweating
• Lack of growth or weight gain, retarded, stunted growth
• Overweight, obese, weight gain
• Underweight, poor condition, thin, emaciated, unthriftiness, ill thrift
• Weight loss
• Swelling mass penis, prepuce, testes, scrotum
• Swelling of the snood, frontal process, in turkeys
• Head, face, ears, jaw, nose, nasal, swelling, mass
• Empty abdomen on internal palpation
• Orbital, periorbital, periocular, conjunctival swelling, eyeball mass
• Oral cavity, tongue swelling, mass in mouth
• Neck swelling, mass cervical region
• Laryngeal, tracheal, pharyngeal swelling, mass larynx, trachea, pharynx
• Thoracic swelling, mass, thorax, chest, ribs, sternum
• Back swelling, mass back region
• Regression of the comb, wattles in birds
• Swelling of the comb, wattles in birds
• Swelling, mass external abdomen
• Internal abdominal mass, swellings, adhesions abdomen
• Swelling, mass, wing
• Swelling, mass, prolapse, cloaca
• Swelling, mass tail
• Swelling mass, vulva, clitoris
• Swelling mass vagina
• Swelling mass cervix uteri
• Swelling mass uterus
• Swelling mass ovary
• Swelling mass oviducts
• Mammary gland swelling, mass, hypertrophy udder, gynecomastia
• Swelling mass anus rectum
• Pelvic or perineal swelling, mass
• Lymphadenopathy, swelling, mass or enlarged lymph nodes
• Swelling skin or subcutaneous, mass, lump, nodule
• Swelling of the limbs, legs, foot, feet, in birds
• Forelimb swelling, mass in fore leg joint and/or non-joint area
• Forefoot swelling, mass front foot, feet
• Hindlimb swelling, mass in hind leg joint and/or non-joint area
• Hindfoot swelling, mass rear foot, feet
• Intraocular mass, swelling interior of eye
• Swelling mass enlarged prostate
• Sudden death, found dead
• Increased mortality in flocks of birds
• Absence of a body part
• Supernumerary opening of nasolacrimal duct
• Supernumerary, extra teats
• Head, face, jaw, tongue atrophy, wasting
• Neck, chest atrophy, wasting thorax
• Back atrophy, wasting
• Pelvic atrophy, wasting, hips, gluteal region
• Forelimb atrophy, wasting
• Hindlimb atrophy, wasting
• Stiffness or extended neck
• Forelimb lameness, stiffness, limping fore leg
• Hindlimb lameness, stiffness, limping hind leg
• Generalized lameness or stiffness, limping
• Lameness, stiffness, stilted gait in birds
• Neck weakness, paresis, paralysis, limp, ventroflexion
• Forelimb weakness, paresis, paralysis front leg
• Weakness of one hindlimb, paresis paralysis rear leg
• Tail weakness, paresis, paralysis sacrococcygeal region
• Head, face, ears, jaw weakness, droop, paresis, paralysis
• Generalized weakness, paresis, paralysis
• Tetraparesis, weakness, paralysis all four limbs
• Paraparesis, weakness, paralysis both hind limbs
• Hemiparesis
• Weakness, paresis, paralysis of the legs, limbs in birds
• Weakness, paresis, paralysis, drooping, of the wings
• Inability to stand, downer, prostration
• Bunny hopping
• Dysmetria, hypermetria, hypometria
• Ataxia, incoordination, staggering, falling
• Reluctant to move, refusal to move
• Perching, reluctant to move from perch in birds
• Abnormal proprioceptive positioning, knuckling
• Torticollis, twisted neck
• Opisthotonus
• Kyphosis, arched back
• Lordosis, ventral curvature of back
• Scoliosis, lateral deviation of back
• Head, face, neck foreign body
• Eyelid foreign body
• Corneal or ocular foreign body, eye
• Thoracic or abdominal foreign body, thorax, chest, ribs, abdomen
• Pelvic or perineal foreign body, pelvis, perineum
• Forelimb foreign body, front leg
• Hindlimb foreign body, rear leg
• Foreign body of the limbs, legs, foot, feet, in birds
• Aural foreign body, ear
• Foreign body of nail, claw, hoof, foot
• Hemorrhage of any body part or clotting failure, bleeding
• Tenesmus, straining, dyschezia
• Icterus, jaundice
• Cyanosis, blue skin or membranes
• Pale mucous membranes or skin, anemia
• Petechiae or ecchymoses, bruises, ecchymosis
• Pale comb and or wattles in birds
• Brown color, mucous membranes

Ophthalmology Signs

• Blindness
• Decreased or absent menace response but not blind
• Purulent discharge from eye
• Strabismus
• Nystagmus
• Entropion, inverted eyelid
• Ectropion, everted eyelid
• Ptosis, lid droop
• Prolapsed third eyelid, protrusion nictitating membrane
• Abnormality of eyelash, cilia
• Chemosis, conjunctival, scleral edema, swelling
• Conjunctival, scleral, redness
• Conjunctival, scleral, injection, abnormal vasculature
• Conjunctival, scleral, laceration, cut, tear, injury
• Conjunctival, scleral, papules
• Corneal swelling, mass, nodule, plaque
• Corneal edema, opacity
• Abnormal corneal pigmentation
• Corneal neovascularization, pannus
• Corneal ulcer, erosion
• Corneal injury, cut, tear
• Lacrimation, tearing, serous ocular discharge, watery eyes
• Decreased tearing, lacrimation
• Enlarged nictitans gland
• Obstruction of nasolacrimal duct
• Exophthalmos, eyes protruding, proptosis
• Enophthalmos, sunken eyes
• Cataract, lens opacity
• Lens luxation, displacement
• Abnormal size of retinal vessels
• Retinal hemorrhage, bleeding
• Abnormal retinal reflectivity
• Retinal detachment
• Abnormal retinal pigmentation
• Retinal folds or elevations
• Miosis, meiosis, constricted pupil
• Mydriasis, dilated pupil
• Abnormal pupillary shape or defect in the iris
• Hypopyon, lipid, or fibrin, flare, of anterior chamber
• Synechia
• Abnormal pigmentation, color, iris
• Abnormal pupillary response to light
• Hyphema, blood anterior chamber of eye, "black eye"
• Parasite visible, exterior or interior eye
• Anisocoria
• Optic atrophy, decreased size optic nerve
• Papilledema, increased size optic nerve
• Optic nerve hemorrhage, bleeding
• Photophobia
• Blepharospasm
• Microphthalmia, small globe, cornea, phthisis bulbi
• Buphthalmia, enlarged globe eye, glaucoma
• Opacity or precipitates in vitreous

Digestive signs

• Parasites passed per rectum, in stools, feces
• Polyphagia, excessive appetite
• Anorexia, loss or decreased appetite, not nursing, off feed
• Pica, depraved appetite
• Difficulty in prehending or chewing food
• Inability to open and/or close beak
• Inability to open (trismus) and/or close jaw, mouth
• Malformation of jaw, brachygnathia, prognathia
• Cleft palate or lip
• Malformation of the beak
• Swelling of the beak
• Cracked beak
• Abnormal color of the beak
• Dryness oral mucosa
• Congestion oral mucous membranes, erythema, redness oral mucosa
• Oral mucosal ulcers, vesicles, plaques, pustules, erosions, tears
• Excessive salivation, frothing at the mouth, ptyalism
• Loose teeth, tooth
• Extra tooth, increased number of teeth
• Absence of tooth, decreased number of teeth
• Retained deciduous tooth, teeth
• Excessive or irregular tooth wear, teeth
• Malocclusion of teeth, tooth
• Abnormal tooth color, teeth
• Cavities of teeth, tooth pitting
• Grinding teeth, bruxism, odontoprisis
• Cracked tooth, fractured teeth
• Tongue weakness, paresis, paralysis
• Tongue ulcers, vesicles, erosions, sores, blisters, cuts, tears
• Tongue protrusion
• Erythema, redness of pharynx
• Pharyngeal ulcers, vesicles, erosion, papules, sores pharynx
• Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing
• Esophageal obstruction
• Increased frequency of swallowing
• Vomiting or regurgitation, emesis
• Hematemesis, vomiting blood
• Gagging
• Increased rate or strength rumen motility, hypermotility
• Rumen hypomotility or atony, decreased rate, motility, strength
• Abdominal distention
• Ascites, fluid abdomen
• Bloat in ruminants, tympany
• Ping left side, auscultable gas filled viscus
• Ping right side, auscultable gas filled viscus
• Bilateral ping, auscultable gas filled viscus both sides
• Increased borborygmi, gut sounds
• Decreased borborygmi, gut sounds, ileus
• Decreased amount of stools, absent feces, constipation
• Diarrhea
• Abnormal color of stool in birds, white, green, yellow feces
• Steatorrhea, fatty stools, feces
• Dark color stools, feces
• Mucous, mucoid stools, feces
• Melena or occult blood in feces, stools
• Bloody stools, feces, hematochezia
• Unusual or foul odor, stools, feces
• Fecal incontinence
• Flatulence
• Anal, rectal stricture
• Hepatosplenomegaly, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
• Prolapsed rectum, rectal eversion
• Palpable dilated bowel internal paplation
• Sunken, empty crop in birds

Cardiovascular Signs

• Tachycardia, rapid pulse, high heart rate
• Sinus arrhythmia
• Sinus arrest
• Sinus tachycardia
• Wandering pacemaker
• Atrial premature beat
• Atrial flutter
• Atrial fibrillation
• Atrial tachycardia
• Ventricular premature beat, multifocal or unifocal
• Ventricular tachycardia, multifocal or unifocal
• Ventricular fibrillation, flutter
• Ventricular escape beat
• Arrhythmia, irregular heart rate, pulse
• Bradycardia, slow heart beat or pulse
• First degree atrioventricular heart block
• Second degree atrioventricular heart block
• Third degree, complete, atrioventricular heart block
• Bundle branch block, left, right or bifascicular
• Bruit, murmur, thrill, non-cardiac region, peripheral
• Weak pulse, small pulse
• Jugular pulse
• Gallop rhythm
• Peripheral venous distention, jugular distention
• Prolonged capillary refill time
• Pericardial sounds
• Increased strength of pulse
• Pulse deficiency, deficit
• Decreased ecg voltages, damped complexes, low amplitude
• Absent p waves
• Atrial enlargement, left, right or bilateral
• Ventricular enlargement, left, right or bilateral
• Muffled, decreased, heart sounds
• Heart murmur
• Systolic click
• Palpable precordial thrill

Acoustic Signs

• Deafness
• Otoacoustic emission, sound emanating from the head
• Purulent, mucoid discharge, excess wax, foul odor, ears
• Mite, parasite, or parasite dirt in ear
• Rubbing ears, scratching